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Predicting Emerging Diseases

April 23rd, 2013 by Mary Wood

Which Primate is the Most Likely Source of the Next Pandemic?
Smithsonian Surprising Science Blog April 22, 2013

photo by AfrikaForce

photo by AfrikaForce

“…Most emerging infectious diseases in humans have indeed arisen from animals… Therefore, experts prioritize the task of figuring out which animals in which regions of the world are most prone to delivering the latest novel pathogen to hapless humanity.

With this in mind, researchers at Harvard University, the University of Granada and the University of Valencia set out to develop a new strategy for predicting the risk and rise of new diseases transmitted from animals before they happen, describing their efforts in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Centrality in primate–parasite networks reveals the potential for the transmission of emerging infectious diseases to humans
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1220716110 PNAS April 22, 2013
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School of Veterinary Medicine | One Health Institute |
PREDICT
:  Building global surveillance to detect and prevent spillover of pathogens of pandemic potential

USAID PREDICT Summary

.Morse SS, Mazet JA, Woolhouse M, Parrish CR, Carroll D, Karesh WB, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Lipkin WI, Daszak P.
Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis
Lancet 2012 Dec 1;380(9857):1956-65 PMID: 23200504

“…In order to predict, respond to, and prevent the emergence of novel infectious diseases in humans, pathogens must be identified at their source. The PREDICT project, led by Principal Investigator and Co-Director Dr. Jonna A.K. Mazet, DVM, MVPM, PhD of the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine and Co-Director Stephen S. Morse, PhD of the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, recognizes that explosive human population growth and environmental changes have resulted in increased numbers of people living in close contact with animals.

PREDICT, a project of USAID’s Emerging Pandemic Threats Program, is building a global early warning system to detect and reduce the impacts of emerging diseases that move between wildlife and people (zoonotic diseases)…”

New NIH funding for two Autism Centers of Excellence

April 2nd, 2013 by Mary Wood

A total of 11 centers now funded for up to five years

The National Institutes of Health has awarded $5.3 million in initial one-year funding to the latest two recipients of the Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) program. With these awards, announced on World Autism Awareness Day, these and nine other ACE centers around the country are now being funded for up to five years. The program was created in 2007 to launch an intense and coordinated research effort aimed at identifying the causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and finding new treatments.

The new ACE awards will fund two research networks:

  • Sally J. Rogers, Ph.D., University of California, Davis MIND Institute. The UC Davis network will conduct multi-site randomized clinical trials to provide information on what effects the style of early intervention for young children with autism, and the intensity of treatment, have on children’s development.  A second study aims to determine whether toddlers who received early intervention in a previous clinical trial show long-term benefits from the intervention.  Centers participating with UC Davis are the McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; the University of Washington, Seattle; and Vanderbilt University, Nashville
  • Daniel Geschwind, M.D., Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles. The UCLA ACE will build on the network’s earlier work identifying genetic variants associated with autism susceptibility, with an important new emphasis: the network aims to recruit at least 600 African-American families with a child with an ASD.  The work will also include an evaluation of disparities in diagnosis and access to care. Scientists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City; Emory University, Atlanta; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Washington University, St. Louis; and Yale University, New Haven, Conn., will carry out this study with UCLA.

PeerJ – new open access journal

March 1st, 2013 by Mary Wood

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.PeerJ Publishes Its First Articles
from Press Release, Feb 12th 2013

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PeerJ, a new academic journal publisher, founded on the principles of affordability, innovation, and Open Access, published its first articles 2/12/13, launched by Jason Hoyt (formerly at Mendeley and Stanford University) and Peter Binfield (formerly at PLoS ONE)

Essential Features of PeerJ:

> Rapid, peer reviewed, ‘Open Access’ scholarly journal, using a Creative Commons license which means that all articles are entirely free to read, distribute, and reuse provided authors are properly attributed.

> Publication decisions are made only on scientific validity (not on perceived impact).

>  Uses a ‘Membership Model’ whereby authors become lifetime members, giving them the ability to freely publish their articles thereafter.

>  PeerJ has 800 Academic Editors, including 20 Advisory Board members (of which 5 are Nobel Laureates).

>  Encourages ‘open’ Peer Review (meaning that reviewers are encouraged to provide their names; authors are empowered to reproduce their peer review history alongside their published article).

>  By utilizing short, iterative development cycles, users will see the rapid development of new features and innovative functionality, dramatically improving the academic publication and reading experience.

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UC Davis scientists included in inaugural issue

EVALUATION OF ANIMAL CONTROL MEASURES ON PET DEMOGRAPHICS IN SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, 1993-2006Philip H. Kass 1, Karen L. Johnson2, Hsin-Yi Weng3

1 Dept of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
2 National Pet Alliance, San Jose, CA
3 Dept of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

REDUCED EXPRESSION OF GLYCOLATE OXIDASE LEADS TO ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE IN RICEMawsheng Chern1, Wei Bai1,2, Xuewei Chen1,3, Patrick E. Canlas1, Pamela C. Ronald 1

1 Dept of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, California
2 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
3 Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Neuroscience at UC Davis

February 27th, 2013 by Mary Wood

These two diagrams may help to visualize the extensive, collaborative, and interdisciplinary neurology-related research at UC Davis.

“Research on mind and brain at UC Davis is conducted by a rich set of interconnected and collaborative research centers that reflect a long-term commitment by UC Davis to support the Mind & Brain sciences. ” :

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Individual centers include

Center for Mind & Brain – Research on the human mind and its implementation in the brain
Center for Neuroscience – Research on all aspects of nervous system function
M.I.N.D. Institute – Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Imaging Research Center – Neuroimaging resources for use by neuroscientists

Change in NSF Reporting Rules

January 10th, 2013 by Deanna Johnson

Distinguished NIMH Researcher Crawley to chair MIND Institute

January 9th, 2013 by Ferguson Mitchell

Jacqueline Crawley

Dr. Jacqueline “Jacki” Crawley will be taking the Robert E. Chason chair in translational research at the UC Davis MIND Institute. From NIH Record:

“Among the numerous honors Crawley has received over her career are the Distinguished Scientist Award of the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society, the Marjorie A. Myers Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society and the Autism Awareness Day Keynote Award. She is looking forward to collaborating with clinical experts in autism research, allowing her to develop better models of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, with the ultimate goal of discovering effective therapeutics.”

Read more at the NIH Record.

Symp: Cumulative Impacts & Children’s Environmental Health

January 8th, 2013 by Mary Wood

Jan 16–17 California Environmental Protection Agency in Sacramento and online

Symposium:  Cumulative Impacts and Children’s Environmental Health

January 16-17, 2013
Coastal Hearing Room
Cal EPA
1001 I St.
Sacramento

Select sponsoring and contributing organizations:

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment of the California Environmental Protection Agency

Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit of the University of California San Francisco

MIND Institute at the University of California Davis
Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Investigator
…..presentation 1/16: Current State of the Evidence on Environmental Exposures and Autism – Irva Hertz-Picciotto, PhD. MIND Institute, University of California Davis

WEBCAST — This symposium will be webcast by the California Environmental Protection Agency. View information about the webcast here.

Overcoming the Obstacles to Research During Residency

December 12th, 2012 by Ferguson Mitchell

Just Published
Overcoming the Obstacles to Research During Residency: What Does It Take?
Michael B. Rothberg, MD, MPH
JAMA. 2012;308(21):2191-2192. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.14587

JAMA recently released an article addressing the difficulties that residents face while undergoing research in addition to their already busy schedules.

“…conducting research in residency is challenging, and insufficient scholarly activity remains a common reason for residency program citation. Authors have described research curricula or research rotations, but there is little empirical evidence for specific elements of a successful resident research program. Surveys of program directors4 and residents reveal barriers to research during residency: insufficient resident interest, limited resident time, paucity of mentors, limited faculty time, lack of resident research skills, absence of a research curriculum, and inadequate funding. Although formidable, these obstacles can be overcome with sufficient resources and determination.”

Read the full article over at JAMA.

Image courtesy suttonhoo via Flickr.

UC Davis’ Kyriacos Athanasiou awarded Nemitsas Prize.

December 11th, 2012 by Ferguson Mitchell

The Nemitsas Prize is given to Cypriot scientists who have excelled with inventions or discoveries either abroad, or in Cyprus. This year, it is being given to UC Davis’ very own Kyriacos Athanasiou, for the invention of a kit that can insert drugs into the body through the bones if the vein is inaccessible, such as if they have dehydration or are in shock. This technology was recently used in Haiti to stop a cholera epidemic.

From the Nemitsas Foundation:

“Professor Kyriacos A. Athanasiou was born and raised in Larnaka, Cyprus, and studied in United States where he is having a brilliant career. His discoveries in Biomedical Engineering Technology have had significant contribution to the development of products which save lives and improve the quality of life to millions of diseased people all over the world.

Professor Athanasiou’s legendary invention of delivering life-saving drugs through the bone of patients with no venous access has saved thousands of lives. His invention of a biodegradable implant is the first cartilage product to enter the market and is used globally.”

Image courtesy vistavision via Flickr.

Web Forum : Proposed UC Open Access Policy

December 4th, 2012 by Mary Wood

A UC Davis faculty Town Hall on Open Access was conducted this past Friday, Nov. 30; background information may be found at UC  Reshaping Scholarly Communication: UC Open Access Policy.

In response, the Academic Senate is now launching a web forum for Academic Senate and Academic Federation faculty to express their thoughts, both pro and con, regarding the proposed policy.  (Web forum will close January 4, 2013.)

The faculty of the University of California, in conjunction with UCOLASC, is proposing a new OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING POLICY that will apply to the dissemination of all scholarly work. … The primary goal of the policy is “to increase the availability and impact of research produced by the University of California, without adding new costs or undue burdens on the faculty.”

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Information from forum posts will be consolidated and forwarded to the UC Davis Senate, who will draft comments representing Davis’ position and forward them to the Academic Council .   The Academic Council will consider the sentiment from all UC campuses at their January 23, 2013 meeting.

If Academic Council passes the proposed policy, it becomes Senate policy and then goes to UCOP to make it a joint presidential policy.
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